Kennel Cough in Dogs

Kennel cough, or canine infectious tracheobronchitis, is a highly contagious respiratory illness. It is characterized by a dry cough, sometimes mistaken for choking, lasting from days to even weeks. Other than the cough, most dogs are still bright and alert. However, fever and enlarged tonsils may also occur. Kennel cough spreads rapidly between dogs housed in close proximity, such as a boarding kennel. Because of this, affected dogs usually have a history of recent boarding or something similar, such as a trip to the groomer or a dog show. Kennel cough results from infection by one or more of three primary infectious agents. Of the three infectious agents responsible for causing the initial respiratory disease, two are viral and one is a bacterium. Secondary infections may come about once the airway is inflamed.

In most cases, symptoms, history and physical exam are enough to provide a diagnosis. Additional diagnostic tests may be indicated if the cough doesn’t resolve as expected. Although antibiotic therapy is helpful for the bacterial component, there is no specific therapy for the viruses. For dogs that cough continually, a cough suppressant can be prescribed for short-term use. Dogs found to have kennel cough should be separated from other dogs in the household and in fact should not have contact with any dogs because of how extremely contagious kennel cough is. Dogs recovering from kennel cough should not exercise or become overly excited for at least a week to avoid worsening of the cough. Usually, kennel cough will resolve without complication. Infrequently, long-term respiratory problems can result. Vaccines are available to protect against the primary infectors responsible for kennel cough. The kennel cough vaccine is usually given through the nose because this method produces rapid local immunity. Sometimes this vaccine can lead to a mild cough that may require treatment. Because the immunity offered is neither 100% protective nor permanent, boosters are needed at least annually. Dogs who are frequently exposed to other dogs, such as show dogs should be vaccinated every six months.